Compact list of publications and talks
Published in ArXiv, 2025
We generalize the Lax-Wendroff theorem for Patankar-type schemes.
Recommended citation: Bender, J., Izgin, T., Offner, Ph. and Torlo, D. (2025), The Lax–Wendroff theorem for Patankar-type methods applied to hyperbolic conservation laws. ArXiv preprint:2505.08387. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.08387
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Published in Journal of Computational Physics, 2025
Friedrichs’ systems unify various elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic semi-linear PDEs. We use a discontinuous Galerkin discretization to approximate such equations and we apply classical model order reduction techniques for parameterized problems. To tackle the slow Kolmogorov n-width that they show, we adopt two techniques. First, we use a domain decomposition based on different indicators, that allow to reduce the number of basis on smooth areas. Secondly, inspired by the concept of vanishing viscosity, we adopt a Graph Neural Network that forecasts the solution given some high viscosity solutions for the same parameter obtained with the presented reduction techniques, recalling that for high viscosity we do not observe slow Kolmogorov n-width.
Recommended citation: F. Romor, D. Torlo and G. Rozza. "Friedrichs' systems discretized with the DGM: domain decomposable model order reduction and Graph Neural Networks approximating vanishing viscosity solutions. (2025) " Journal of Computational Physics, 531, p. 113915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2025.113915
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Published in Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations, 2024
We propose a Finite Element stabilized solver that is able to preserve multi-dimensional equilibria (div-free) using the Global Flux quadrature.
Recommended citation: Barsukow, W., Ricchiuto, M. and Torlo, D. (2025), Structure Preserving Nodal Continuous Finite Elements via Global Flux Quadrature. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq., 41: e23167. https://doi.org/10.1002/num.23167. https://doi.org/10.1002/num.23167
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Published in Computational Mechanics and Applied Mathematics: Perspectives from Young Scholars, 2024
We compare some time-adaptive algorithms based on error estimators that use variations of BDF2 and BDF3 time marching schemes, for Navier-Stokes and FSI problems with pressure dominated flows.
Recommended citation: Prusak, I., Torlo, D., Nonino, M., Rozza, G. (2025). A Time-Adaptive Algorithm for Pressure Dominated Flows: A Heuristic Estimator. In: Marmo, F., Cuomo, S., Cutolo, A. (eds) Computational Mechanics and Applied Mathematics: Perspectives from Young Scholars. GIMC SIMAI Young 2024. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76591-9_24 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76591-9_24
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Published in Applied Numerical Mathematics, 2024
We study the implicit and IMEX version of DeC and ADER time integration method with application to advection-diffusion and advection-dispersion equations. The study is based on stability analysis.
Recommended citation: Öffner, P., Petri, L., and Torlo, D. (2025). Analysis for Implicit and Implicit-Explicit ADER and DeC Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations, Advection-Diffusion and Advection-Dispersion Equations. Applied Numerical Mathematics, 212, p. 110-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnum.2024.12.013
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Published in Journal of Scientific Computing, 2024
We propose a novel Model Order Reduction framework that is able to handle solutions of hyperbolic problems characterized by multiple travelling discontinuities. By means of an optimization based approach, we introduce suitable calibration maps that allow us to transform the original solution manifold into a lower dimensional one. The optimization process does not require the knowledge of the discontinuities location. In the online phase, the coefficients of the projection of the reduced order solution onto the reduced space are recovered by means of an Artificial Neural Network. To validate the methodology, we present numerical results for the 1D Sod shock tube problem and for the 2D double Mach reflection problem, also in the parametric case.
Recommended citation: Nonino, M., Torlo, D. Calibration-Based ALE Model Order Reduction for Hyperbolic Problems with Self-Similar Travelling Discontinuities. J Sci Comput 101, 60 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10915-024-02694-z https://doi.org/10.1007/s10915-024-02694-z
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Published in International Journal on Geomathematics, 2024
We combine the modified Patankar Deferred Correction approach for the positivity of Shallow Water equations with a hydrostatic reconstruction technique to preserve global equilibria. We focus on tough tests aiming at flooding of urban areas.
Recommended citation: M. Ciallella, L. Micalizzi, V. Michel-Dansac, P. Offner and D. Torlo. "A high-order, fully well-balanced, unconditionally positivity-preserving finite volume framework for flood simulations." Int J Geomath 16, 6 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13137-025-00262-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13137-025-00262-7
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Published in Numerical Mathematics and Advanced Applications ENUMATH 2023, 2024
In the context of domain decomposition optimization based models, we compare different couplings of full and reduced order models of each subcomponent.
Recommended citation: Prusak, I., Torlo, D., Nonino, M., Rozza, G. (2025). Optimisation–Based Coupling of Finite Element Model and Reduced Order Model for Computational Fluid Dynamics. In: Sequeira, A., Silvestre, A., Valtchev, S.S., Janela, J. (eds) Numerical Mathematics and Advanced Applications ENUMATH 2023, Volume 2. ENUMATH 2023. Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, vol 154. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-86169-7_28. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-86169-7_28
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Published in Quantitative Sustainability. Springer, Cham., 2024
Parallel to the need for new technologies and renewable energy resources to address sustainability, the emerging field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has experienced continuous high-speed growth in the application of its capabilities of modelling, managing, processing, and making sense of data in the entire areas related to the production and management of energy. Moreover, the current trend indicates that the energy supply and management process will eventually be controlled by autonomous smart systems that optimize energy distribution operations based on integrative data-driven Machine Learning (ML) techniques or other types of computational methods.
Recommended citation: Salavatidezfouli, S., Nikishova, A., Torlo, D., Teruzzi, M., Rozza, G. (2024). Computations for Sustainability. In: Fantoni, S., Casagli, N., Solidoro, C., Cobal, M. (eds) Quantitative Sustainability. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39311-2_7 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39311-2_7
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Published in Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 2023
In this work, we address parametric non-stationary fluid dynamics problems within a model order reduction setting based on domain decomposition. Starting from the domain decomposition approach, we derive an optimal control problem, for which we present the convergence analysis. The snapshots for the high-fidelity model are obtained with the Finite Element discretisation, and the model order reduction is then proposed both in terms of time and physical parameters, with a standard POD-Galerkin projection. We test the proposed methodology on two fluid dynamics benchmarks: the non-stationary backward-facing step and lid-driven cavity flow. Finally, also in view of future works, we compare the intrusive POD–Galerkin approach with a non–intrusive approach based on Neural Networks.
Recommended citation: I. Prusak, D. Torlo, M. Nonino and G. Rozza. "An optimisation-based domain-decomposition reduced order model for parameter-dependent non-stationary fluid dynamics problems." (2024) Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 166, 253-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.camwa.2024.05.004
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Published in Applied Mathematics and Computation, 2023
The arbitrary derivative (ADER) approach for numerical differential problem solution is enhanced in this study. Improvements include higher-order accuracy through precise polynomial discretization choices and integration with Deferred Correction (DeC) formalism. Analytical and numerical results cover stability analysis, computational efficiency, adaptivity, and hyperbolic PDE applications with Spectral Difference (SD) discretization. Download paper
Recommended citation: M. Han Veiga, L. Micalizzi and D. Torlo. "On improving the efficiency of ADER methods." Applied Mathematics and Computation, 466, page 128426, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2023.128426
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Published in Commun. Appl. Math. Comput., 2022
We optimize iterative arbitrary high order methods. The main idea, similar to the work on efficient DeC, is to match space discretization and accuracy of the iteration. This allows to have p-adaptivity very easily without wasting any computational step. We apply it to ADER-DG and ADER-FV with an a posteriori limiter: Discrete Optimally increasing Order Method (DOOM). It can provably preserve structures of the scheme such as positivity. Download paper
Recommended citation: L. Micalizzi, D. Torlo and W. Boscheri. "Efficient iterative arbitrary high order methods: an adaptive bridge between low and high order." Commun. Appl. Math. Comput. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42967-023-00290-w
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Published in Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 2022
The aim of this work is to present a model reduction technique in the framework of optimal control problems for partial differential equations. We combine two approaches used for reducing the computational cost of the mathematical numerical models: domain-decomposition (DD) methods and reduced-order modelling (ROM). In particular, we consider an optimisation-based domain-decomposition algorithm for the parameter-dependent stationary incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Firstly, the problem is described on the subdomains coupled at the interface and solved through an optimal control problem, which leads to the complete separation of the subdomain problems in the DD method. On top of that, a reduced model for the obtained optimal-control problem is built; the procedure is based on the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition technique and a further Galerkin projection. The presented methodology is tested on two fluid dynamics benchmarks: the stationary backward-facing step and lid-driven cavity flow. The numerical tests show a significant reduction of the computational costs in terms of both the problem dimensions and the number of optimisation iterations in the domain-decomposition algorithm.
Recommended citation: I. Prusak, M. Nonino, D. Torlo, F. Ballarin and G. Rozza. "An optimisation-based domain-decomposition reduced order model for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations." Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 151 (2023) 172-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.camwa.2023.09.039
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Published in Hyperbolic Problems: Theory, Numerics, Applications. Volume II. SEMA SIMAI Springer Series, volume 35, 2022
Modified Patankar (MP) schemes are conservative, linear implicit and unconditionally positivity preserving time-integration schemes constructed for production-destruction systems. For such schemes, a classical stability analysis does not yield any information about the performance. Recently, two different techniques have been proposed to investigate the properties of MP schemes. In Izgin et al. ESAIM: M2AN, 56 (2022), inspired from dynamical systems, the Lyapunov stability properties of such schemes have been investigated, while in Torlo et al. Appl. Numer. Math., 182 (2022) their oscillatory behaviour has been studied. In this work, we investigate the connection between the oscillatory behaviour and the Lyapunov stability and we prove that a condition on the Lyapunov stability function is necessary to avoid oscillations. We verify our theoretical result on several numerical tests.
Recommended citation: T. Izgin, P. Öffner and D. Torlo. "A necessary condition for non oscillatory and positivity preserving time-integration schemes." (2024) In: Parés, C., Castro, M.J., Morales de Luna, T., Muñoz-Ruiz, M.L. (eds) Hyperbolic Problems: Theory, Numerics, Applications. Volume II. HYP 2022. SEMA SIMAI Springer Series, vol 35. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55264-9_11. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55264-9_11
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Published in Commun. Appl. Math. Comput., 2022
Deferred Correction methods are arbitrarily high order methods that consists of an iterative procedure. At each iterations the high order reconstruction is updated leading to costs that scale as the square of the order of accuracy. We propose a way to cut up to half of the computational costs for this methods by increasing the order of the reconstruction at each iteration. An adaptive version allows also to set a priori a tolerance to reach a certain error. Applications to PDEs within the RD-DeC frameworks allows as well a great computational advantage.
Recommended citation: L. Micalizzi and D. Torlo. "A new efficient explicit Deferred Correction framework: analysis and applications to hyperbolic PDEs and adaptivity. " Commun. Appl. Math. Comput. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42967-023-00294-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42967-023-00294-6
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Published in Advanced Reduced Order Methods and Applications in Computational Fluid Dynamics, chapter 12, pages 251-264. Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics, U.S., 2022
Partial differential equations (PDEs) are an effective tool to model phenomena in applied sciences. Realistic problems usually depend on several physical and geometrical parameters that can be calibrated by using real data. In real scenarios, however, these parameters are affected by uncertainty due to measurement errors or scattered data information. To deal with more reliable models which take this issue into account, stochastic PDEs can be numerically approximated. In the uncertainty quantification (UQ) context, many simulations are run to better understand the system at hand and to compute statistics of outcomes over quantities of interest. In particular, the input parameters of the stochastic PDEs are assumed to be random finite-dimensional variables.
Recommended citation: Davide Torlo, Maria Strazzullo, Francesco Ballarin, and Gianluigi Rozza. Weighted reduced order methods for uncertainty quantification. In Francesco Ballarin Gianluigi Rozza, Giovanni Stabile, editor, Advanced Reduced Order Methods and Applications in Computational Fluid Dynamics, chapter 12, pages 251-264. Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics, U.S., 2022. https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611977257.ch12 https://doi.org/10.1137/1.9781611977257.ch12
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Published in Journal of Scientific Computing, 2022
In this paper, we study different high order FEM methods for hyperbolic problems, providing parameters that lead to stable and reliable schemes for triangular meshes.
Recommended citation: Michel, S., Torlo, D., Ricchiuto, M. and Abgrall, R.. Spectral analysis of high order continuous FEM for hyperbolic PDEs on triangular meshes: influence of approximation, stabilization, and time-stepping. J Sci Comput 94, 49 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10915-022-02087-0
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Published in Applied Mathematics and Computation, 2022
In this paper, we develop a fully discrete entropy preserving ADER-Discontinuous Galerkin (ADER-DG) method. To obtain this desired result, we equip the space part of the method with entropy correction terms that balance the entropy production in space, inspired by the work of Abgrall. Whereas for the time-discretization we apply the relaxation approach introduced by Ketcheson that allows to modify the timestep to preserve the entropy to machine precision. Up to our knowledge, it is the first time that a provable fully discrete entropy preserving ADER-DG scheme is constructed. We verify our theoretical results with various numerical simulations.
Recommended citation: E. Gaburro, P. Öffner, M. Ricchiuto and D. Torlo. "High order entropy preserving ADER-DG scheme." Applied Mathematics and Computation, 440:127644, 2023. doi:10.1016/j.amc.2022.127644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amc.2022.127644
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Published in Journal of Scientific Computing, 2022
We introduce arbitrary high order WENO finite volume schemes with global fluxes. The global flux includes the integral of the source term, so that it is natural to balance the moving equilibria for this kind of schemes. We show for shallow water equations with bathymetry that we can exactly preserve the discharge for moving steady states. Morover, we can apply a correction to be also well-balanced with respect to the lake at rest steady state.
Recommended citation: M. Ciallella, D. Torlo and M. Ricchiuto. (2022). "Arbitrary High Order WENO Finite Volume Scheme with Flux Globalization for Moving Equilibria Preservation. " Journal of Scientific Computing 96, 53 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10915-023-02280-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10915-023-02280-9
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Published in Communications in Mathematical Sciences, 2022
In this short paper, we intend to describe one way to construct arbitrarily high order kinetic schemes on regular meshes. The method can be arbitrarily high order in space and time, run at least CFL one, is asymptotic preserving and computationally explicit, i.e., the computational costs are of the same order of a fully explicit scheme. We also introduce a nonlinear stability method that enables to simulate problems with discontinuities, and it does not kill the accuracy for smooth regular solutions.
Recommended citation: R. Abgrall and D. Torlo. (2022). "Some preliminary results on a high order asymptotic preserving computationally explicit kinetic scheme. " Communications in Mathematical Sciences, 20, 2, 297-326. https://dx.doi.org/10.4310/CMS.2022.v20.n2.a1. https://dx.doi.org/10.4310/CMS.2022.v20.n2.a1
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Published in Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 2021
Water waves can be approximated with different models. Dispersive-hyperbolic models serve this scope under smallness conditions of nonlinearity and shallowness parameters. The discretization of these models consists often of a hyperbolic system coupled with an elliptic system. In this work, we reduce with standard model order reduction techniques the elliptic operator. Finally, we apply some hyperreduction to reduce the whole system.
Recommended citation: D. Torlo and M. Ricchiuto. "Model order reduction strategies for weakly dispersive waves. " Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, (205), pages 997-1028, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2022.10.034
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Published in Computer and Fluids, 2021
In shallow water equations simulations the positivity of water height is a fundamental property to preserve. We use a linearly implicit modified Patankar Deferred Correction method to guarantee its positivity without any restriction on the time step. The rest of the discretization is obtained with a classical WENO5 finite volume method.
Recommended citation: M. Ciallella, L. Micalizzi, P. Öffner and D. Torlo. (2022). "An Arbitrary High Order and Positivity Preserving Method for the Shallow Water Equations. " Computers & Fluids, 247, page 105630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2022.105630
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Published in arXiv, 2021
Testing the order of accuracy of (very) high order methods for shallow water (and Euler) equations is a delicate operation and the test cases are the crucial starting point of this operation. We provide a short derivation of vortex-like analytical solutions in 2 dimensions for the shallow water equations (and, hence, Euler equations) that can be used to test the order of accuracy of numerical methods. These solutions have different smoothness in their derivatives (up to arbitrary derivatives) and can be used accordingly to the order of accuracy of the scheme to test.
Recommended citation: M. Ricchiuto and D. Torlo. (2021). "Analytical traveling vortex solutions of hyperbolic equations for validating very high order schemes. " arXiv preprint, https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.10183. https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.10183
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Published in Applied Numerical Mathematics, 2021
We study various properties for a class of positivity-preserving nonlinear schemes (Patankar-type schemes) and we discover two types of issues: oscillations around stady states when the timestep is too large and spurious steady states where some methods get stuck.
Recommended citation: D. Torlo, P. Öffner and H. Ranocha. (2022). "Issues with Positivity-Preserving Patankar-type Schemes. " Applied Numerical Mathematics, 182, 117-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnum.2022.07.014
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Published in The SMAI Journal of computational mathematics, 2021
In this paper, we study different high order FEM methods for hyperbolic problems, providing parameters that lead to stable and reliable schemes.
Recommended citation: R. Abgrall, E. Le Mélédo, P. Öffner and D. Torlo. (2022). "Relaxation Deferred Correction Methods and their Applications to Residual Distribution Schemes. " The SMAI Journal of computational mathematics, Volume 8 (2022), pp. 125-160. doi:10.5802/smai-jcm.82 https://doi.org/10.5802/smai-jcm.82
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Published in Journal of Scientific Computing, 2021
In this paper, we study different high order FEM methods for hyperbolic problems, providing parameters that lead to stable and reliable schemes.
Recommended citation: Michel, S., Torlo, D., Ricchiuto, M. and Abgrall, R.. Spectral Analysis of Continuous FEM for Hyperbolic PDEs: Influence of Approximation, Stabilization, and Time-Stepping. J Sci Comput 89, 31 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10915-021-01632-7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10915-021-01632-7
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Published in Journal of Scientific Computing, 2021
In this paper, we demonstrate that the explicit ADER approach can be seen as a special interpretation of the deferred correction (DeC) method.
Recommended citation: M. H. Veiga, P. Öffner, and D. Torlo. (2021). "DeC and ADER: Similarities, Differences and a Unified Framework." Journal of Scientific Computing, 87, 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10915-020-01397-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10915-020-01397-5
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Published in Applied Numerical Mathematics, 2020
Applying the modified Patankar approach to the DeC scheme results in provable conservative and positivity preserving methods. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these modified Patankar DeC schemes can be constructed up to arbitrarily high order.
Recommended citation: P. Öffner and D. Torlo. (2020). "Arbitrary high-order, conservative and positivity preserving Patankar--type deferred correction schemes." Applied Numerical Mathematics, 153:15 – 34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnum.2020.01.025
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Published in SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 2020
This work introduces an extension of the residual distribution (RD) framework to stiff relaxation problems. The RD is a class of schemes which is used to solve a hyperbolic system of partial differential equations.
Recommended citation: R. Abgrall, and D. Torlo. (2020). "High Order Asymptotic Preserving Deferred Correction Implicit-Explicit Schemes for Kinetic Models." SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 42(3): B816--B845. https://doi.org/10.1137/19M128973X
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Published in Numerical Mathematics and Advanced Applications ENUMATH 2023, 2020
In this work, we study MOR algorithms for unsteady parametric advection dominated hyperbolic problems, giving a complete offline and online description and showing the time saving in the online phase.
Recommended citation: Torlo, D. (2025). Model Reduction for Advection Dominated Hyperbolic Problems in an ALE Framework: Offline, Online Phases and Error Estimator. In: Sequeira, A., Silvestre, A., Valtchev, S.S., Janela, J. (eds) Numerical Mathematics and Advanced Applications ENUMATH 2023, Volume 2. ENUMATH 2023. Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, vol 154. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-86169-7_42 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-86169-7_42
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Published in Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 2019
In this work, we present a model order reduction (MOR) technique for hyperbolic conservation laws with applications in uncertainty quantification (UQ).
Recommended citation: R. Crisovan, D. Torlo, R. Abgrall, and S. Tokareva. (2019). "Model order reduction for parametrized nonlinear hyperbolic problems as an application to uncertainty quantification." Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 348:466 – 489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cam.2018.09.018
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Published in Uncertainty Modeling for Engineering Applications, PoliTO Springer Series, 2019
In this manuscript we discuss weighted reduced order methods for stochastic partial differential equations. Random inputs (such as forcing terms, equation coefficients, boundary conditions) are considered as parameters of the equations. We take advantage of the resulting parametrized formulation to propose an efficient reduced order model; we also profit by the underlying stochastic assumption in the definition of suitable weights to drive to reduction process. Two viable strategies are discussed, namely the weighted reduced basis method and the weighted proper orthogonal decomposition method. A numerical example on a parametrized elasticity problem is shown.
Recommended citation: Venturi, L., Torlo, D., Ballarin, F., Rozza, G. (2019). " Weighted Reduced Order Methods for Parametrized Partial Differential Equations with Random Inputs. " In: Canavero, F. (eds) Uncertainty Modeling for Engineering Applications. PoliTO Springer Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04870-9_2 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04870-9_2
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Published in SIAM/ASA Journal on Uncertainty Quantification, 2018
In this work, we propose viable and efficient strategies for stabilized parametrized advection dominated problems, with random inputs.
Recommended citation: D. Torlo, F. Ballarin, and G. Rozza. (2018). "Stabilized weighted reduced basis methods for parametrized advection dominated problems with random inputs." SIAM/ASA Journal on Uncertainty Quantification, 6(4): 1475--1502. https://doi.org/10.1137/17M1163517
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